teach的介词搭配及用法解析
teach作为及物动词,其核心用法通常直接接宾语(如人、学科或技能),但在特定语境中需搭配介词。下面内容是常见介词搭配及示例:
一、直接接宾语(无需介词)
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teach + 人/学科
- 直接以人或学科作宾语,无需介词:
- He teachesEnglish at a university.
- She taughtchildren to read.
- 直接以人或学科作宾语,无需介词:
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teach + 双宾语
- 可同时接直接宾语(教学内容)与间接宾语(对象):
- He teachesme math. → He teachesmath to me.
- 可同时接直接宾语(教学内容)与间接宾语(对象):
二、需搭配介词的场景
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teach at/in + 地点/机构
- 表示“在某个场所或机构任教”,需用at 或in:
- She teachesat a language school in Shanghai.
- He teachesin a university.
- 表示“在某个场所或机构任教”,需用at 或in:
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固定短语中的介词
- teach sb a lesson(教训某人):
- His failure taught hima lesson about honesty.
- teach for(为某组织或目的教学):
- She teachesfor a non-profit educational program.
- teach sb a lesson(教训某人):
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被动语态中的介词
- 当教学内容作为被动句主语时,用be taught to:
- Critical thinking is taughtto students in this course.
- 当教学内容作为被动句主语时,用be taught to:
三、易混淆结构辨析
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teach to do vs. teach doing
- teach sb to do sth(教某人做某事):
- He taught meto swim.
- teach doing sth(强调教学经过,较少用):
- The course teacheswriting academic papers.
- teach sb to do sth(教某人做某事):
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引申用法中的介词
- 在威胁或警告语境中,“teach sb (not) to do sth”隐含“教训”:
- I’ll teach youto lie!(你再撒谎试试!)
- 在威胁或警告语境中,“teach sb (not) to do sth”隐含“教训”:
四、补充说明
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无介词的独特结构
- teach oneself(自学):
- She taughtherself programming.
- teach that…(教导某种见解):
- The book teachesthat kindness matters.
- teach oneself(自学):
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避免错误搭配
- 不可直接使用teach about(需通过上下文表达):
- 错误:He teaches about history.
- 正确:He teacheshistory / gives lessonson history.
- 不可直接使用teach about(需通过上下文表达):
teach 后主要搭配的介词为at/in(表示地点)和to(被动语态中),其他情况多为直接接宾语或固定短语(如 teach a lesson)。需注意区分“teach to do”与“teach doing”的语义差异,并避免冗余介词的使用。