关系副词有哪些及用法 关系副词起什么作用? 定语从句关系代词和关系副词有哪些

关系副词有哪些及用法 关系副词起什么作用? 定语从句关系代词和关系副词有哪些

关系副词在英语语法中主要用于引导定语从句,并承担下面内容核心影响:


一、核心功能

  • 连接主从句
    关系副词(when/where/why)作为连接词,将定语从句与主句的先行词(表示时刻、地点或缘故的名词)关联起来。例如:

    This is the citywhere I was born.(where引导从句修饰先行词city)

  • 在从句中充当状语
    关系副词在定语从句中不充当主语或宾语,而是以状语形式说明动作发生的时刻、地点或缘故。例如:

    I remember the daywhen we first met.(when在从句中作时刻状语,相当于on that day)

  • 替代“介词+关系代词”结构
    关系副词可替换为“介词+which”的形式,例如:

    • where = in/at which
    • when = on/in which
    • why = for which

      The reasonwhy he left is unclear. = The reasonfor which he left is unclear.


二、常见关系副词分类

关系副词 先行词类型 从句影响 替代形式 例句
when 时刻(如time, day) 时刻状语 on/in which 1949 was the yearwhen China was founded.
where 地点(如place, city) 地点状语 in/at which This is the housewhere I lived.
why 缘故(reason) 缘故状语 for which Tell mewhy you were late.

三、与关系代词的区别

  • 成分不同

    • 关系代词(who/whom/which/that)在从句中作主语、宾语或定语,例如:

      The manwho helped me is kind.(who作主语)

    • 关系副词仅作状语,不直接参与动作。
  • 先行词侧重点不同

    • 关系代词修饰人或物的具体对象;
    • 关系副词侧重描述时刻、地点、缘故的抽象概念。

四、常见错误与注意事项

  • 误用关系副词

    • 当从句需要主语或宾语时,不可用关系副词。例如:

      ? I remember the daywhen we spent together.
      ? I remember the daythat/which we spent together.(spent需宾语,而非状语)

  • 独特替代情况

    • 口语中,that可替代when/why,甚至省略:

      That’s the reason (that) I quit.

    • 但where仅在先行词为the place时可用that替代。

怎么样?经过上面的分析分析,可以更清晰地领会关系副词在句子结构中的逻辑关系与语法功能。如需进一步练习,可参考定语从句专项训练。

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