关系副词有哪些及用法 关系副词起什么作用? 定语从句关系代词和关系副词有哪些
关系副词在英语语法中主要用于引导定语从句,并承担下面内容核心影响:
一、核心功能
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连接主从句
关系副词(when/where/why)作为连接词,将定语从句与主句的先行词(表示时刻、地点或缘故的名词)关联起来。例如:This is the citywhere I was born.(where引导从句修饰先行词city)
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在从句中充当状语
关系副词在定语从句中不充当主语或宾语,而是以状语形式说明动作发生的时刻、地点或缘故。例如:I remember the daywhen we first met.(when在从句中作时刻状语,相当于on that day)
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替代“介词+关系代词”结构
关系副词可替换为“介词+which”的形式,例如:- where = in/at which
- when = on/in which
- why = for which
The reasonwhy he left is unclear. = The reasonfor which he left is unclear.
二、常见关系副词分类
关系副词 | 先行词类型 | 从句影响 | 替代形式 | 例句 |
---|---|---|---|---|
when | 时刻(如time, day) | 时刻状语 | on/in which | 1949 was the yearwhen China was founded. |
where | 地点(如place, city) | 地点状语 | in/at which | This is the housewhere I lived. |
why | 缘故(reason) | 缘故状语 | for which | Tell mewhy you were late. |
三、与关系代词的区别
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成分不同
- 关系代词(who/whom/which/that)在从句中作主语、宾语或定语,例如:
The manwho helped me is kind.(who作主语)
- 关系副词仅作状语,不直接参与动作。
- 关系代词(who/whom/which/that)在从句中作主语、宾语或定语,例如:
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先行词侧重点不同
- 关系代词修饰人或物的具体对象;
- 关系副词侧重描述时刻、地点、缘故的抽象概念。
四、常见错误与注意事项
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误用关系副词
- 当从句需要主语或宾语时,不可用关系副词。例如:
? I remember the daywhen we spent together.
? I remember the daythat/which we spent together.(spent需宾语,而非状语)
- 当从句需要主语或宾语时,不可用关系副词。例如:
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独特替代情况
- 口语中,that可替代when/why,甚至省略:
That’s the reason (that) I quit.
- 但where仅在先行词为the place时可用that替代。
- 口语中,that可替代when/why,甚至省略:
怎么样?经过上面的分析分析,可以更清晰地领会关系副词在句子结构中的逻辑关系与语法功能。如需进一步练习,可参考定语从句专项训练。